COVID-19 Management of Kidney Injured Patients – CKD & AKI
COVID-19 Management of Kidney Injured Patients – CKD & AKI
COVID-19 Management of Kidney Injured Patients
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Randox CKD & AKI Array’s
COVID-19 Management of Kidney Injured Patients
- Simultaneous and quantitative detection of multiple kidney function markers from a single patient sample for complete patient profiling
- Identify early stage renal impairment and improve patient risk stratification
- Unique combination of analytes ensures better sensitivity and accuracy compared to traditional serum creatinine measurement
- Monitor the effectiveness of treatment in COVID-19 patients
- Arrays available for identifying and monitoring both acute and chronic renal impairment
- Utilising patented Biochip Technology, both arrays are currently available on the Evidence Investigator
Analysis of COVID-19 patients revealed that Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common and associated with a very high mortality rate highlighting the need for more accurate patient testing. Further to this the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommend that all COVID-19 patients are assessed for AKI on admission to hospital and their condition monitored throughout their stay. The complications with serum creatinine measurement alone for the detection of impaired kidney function are well known. To address this issue, Randox have developed three multi marker kidney function arrays for early detection of renal impairment. Individuals with pre-existing kidney injury are at an increased risk of COVID-19, those with severe CKD (stages 3-5) are at a higher risk of complications.
Utilising patented Biochip Technology, the Randox Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) arrays could improve COVID-19 risk stratification whilst monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
Randox Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Array I (7-plex)
EGF regulates renal cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation and is produced in response to renal injury.
IL-8 endothelial-derived chemokine involved in recruiting neutrophils to sites of injury and stimulating their response.
sTNFR1 is used to identify an increase in inflammatory conditions such as CKD.
FABP1 binds long-chain fatty acids, contributing to reducing oxidative stress in the kidneys.
sTNFR2 is used to identify an increase in inflammatory conditions such as CKD.
D-Dimer is a fibrin degradation product, and an index of both coagulation and fibrinolysis.
MIP-1 alpha plays a roles in inflammatory responses at sites of injury or infection.
Randox Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Array II (4-plex)
CRP is an acute phase reactant involved in inflammation.
Cystatin C is well recognised marker of kidney filtration dysfunction and injury.
C3a des Arg is a representative of complement component C3a which produces local inflammatory responses.
NGAL is among the current state-of-the-art in CKD biomarkers.
Randox Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Array (4-plex)
This marker is highly upregulated in kidney tubule cells following nephrotoxic injury severe enough to result in acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis or acute tubulo-interstitial nephropathy.
Due to its small size and basic pH, Cystatin C is freely filtered by the glomerulus. It is then reabsorbed by tubular epithelial cells and subsequently metabolized. Accumulation of Cystatin C in urine is specific for tubular kidney damage and suggests reduced reabsorption at the proximal tubules as a result of toxicant-induced kidney injury.
Expression of Clusterin is upregulated following a variety of renal injuries and is detectable in urine following acute kidney injury induced by administration of nephrotoxic agents. This occurs before the profound renal transformations that give rise to changes in creatinine and BUN.
KIM-1 is a 30kDa type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein found on actvated CD4+ T cells. It is undetectable in healthy kidney tissue but is expressed at very high levels in proximal tubule epithelial cells in the kidney after toxic injury.
The Evidence Investigator
Meet the Evidence Investigator
The Randox CKD & AKI arrays have both been developed for the Evidence Investigator, a semi-automated benchtop immunoassay analyser.
The CKD & AKI array’s would improve COVID-19 risk stratification whilst monitoring the effectiveness of treatments by simultaneously and quantitatively detecting multiple serum biomarkers of kidney damage-related analytes from a single sample.
Want to know more?
Contact us or visit our Investigator Webpage
Alzheimer’s Disease Array
Randox ApoE4 Array (EV4113)
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Rapid Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk
Rapid Identification of Alzheimer's Disease Risk
- Identification of Alzheimer’s disease risk in under 3 hours
- Direct determination of ApoE4 status from a plasma sample eliminates the need for molecular genotyping
- Potential to improve quality of life and care for dementia patients through lifestyle and therapeutic interventions
- Patented Biochip Array Technology simultaneously measures total ApoE and ApoE4 protein levels directly from a plasma sample
- 100% concordance with molecular genotyping
- Applicable to Alzheimer’s research, personalised medicine and the development of Alzheimer’s therapeutics
The Randox ApoE4 Array is a rapid and highly sensitive blood test facilitating direct ApoE4 genotyping without the need for molecular genotyping. ApoE exists as three common isoforms; ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4. As such, six common ApoE genotypes exist in the general population. Alzheimer’s Disease risk is significantly increased in individuals with the ApoE4 allele. The below table provides an indication of risk associated with the six common ApoE genotypes.
Biomarkers Tested
ApoE is a major cholesterol carrier, responsible for lipid homeostasis by mediating lipid transport from one tissue or cell type to another. In the central nervous system, ApoE is mainly produced by astrocytes, and transports cholesterol to neurons via ApoE receptors. ApoE exists as three common isoforms; ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4.
ApoE4 is established as the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease. ApoE4 triggers inflammatory cascades that cause neurovascular dysfunction, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, leakage of blood-derived toxic proteins into the brain and reduction in the length of small vessels.
Apo E4 is one of three common isoforms of Apo E and is recognised as a major genetic risk factor the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Apo E4 triggers inflammatory cascades that cause neurovascular dysfunction, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, leakage of blood-derived toxic proteins into the brain and reduction in the length of small vessels.
The Evidence Investigator
Meet the Evidence Investigator
The Randox ApoE4 Array (EV4113) is a research use-only product developed for the Evidence Investigator, a semi-automated benchtop immunoassay analyser.
The ApoE4 Array (EV4113) simultaneously measures both total ApoE and ApoE4 protein levels directly from a plasma sample. The Apo E4/total ApoE ratio can classify the ApoE4 status of the plasma sample as negative or positive. Furthermore, the Array has demonstrated potential to classify ApoE4 positive plasma samples as being derived from a heterozygous (one copy of ApoE4 gene) or a homozygous (two copies of ApoE4 gene) individual. Therefore, risk for the development of Alzheimer’s Disease can be assessed.
Publications
Want to know more?
Contact us or visit our Cerebral Array webpage.