Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
09 July 2020
Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, reported a cluster of 27 pneumonia cases (including seven severe cases) of unknown aetiology, with a common reported link to Wuhan’s Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, a wholesale fish and live animal market. On 23 January 2020, Wuhan City was locked down – with all travel in and out of Wuhan prohibited –and movement inside the city was restricted.
By March, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, with more than 150 countries worldwide being affected. Many countries, including the UK; imposed stringent public health measures that included the closure of businesses & strict social distancing guidelines.
Due to the enforced lockdown, many within the UK workforce had to make alternative working arrangements, with working from home becoming the new norm. With the closure of businesses and the hospitality sector including bars and restaurants, it meant people seeking alternative means to purchase and consume alcohol.
Before the pandemic, alcohol was attributed to being a financial burden to the UK health system and wider economy. The British Medical Journal estimated that alcohol costs the NHS more than £3.5 billion and the wider economy at least £21bn each year.
The organisation Alcohol Change UK commissioned new research to look at whether people’s drinking habits changed during the COVID-19 lockdown. Over 2,000 people completed the survey, with results weighted to ensure they were representative of the UK population.
The key takeaway from the report is people are consuming alcohol differently because of the lockdown. Around one in five drinkers (21%) told us that they have been drinking more frequently since the lockdown. This suggests that around 8.6 million UK adults are drinking more frequently under lockdown.
Furthermore, while almost half of drinkers said they were drinking about the same amount on a typical drinking day, 15% said they have been drinking more per session since lockdown.
The Global Drug Survey produced a special report for COVID-19 with more than 80,000 participants. The report stated that 44% of those who participated said the frequency of alcohol use increased. Reasons for this included ‘having more time to drink and feeling bored more often.’ However, 25.5% reported having decreased their use of alcohol during COVID-19.
As restrictions begin to ease and more people return to work, it is important to highlight the impact of COVI-19 on the workforce. People’s way of life has changed dramatically, with this change comes different ways of consuming alcohol. It is important to note that the figures above are a proportionate representation based on those who took part, but valuable insights can be gained when looking at alcohol use. For employers who have staff returning to work, their safety is of paramount importance. This will include effectively managing substance misuse, should it be an issue in the workplace.
Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol’s impact on your body starts from the moment you take your first sip. While an occasional glass of wine or beer isn’t a cause for concern, the cumulative effects of drinking wine, beer, or spirits can take its toll.
Consumption of alcohol can impact various parts of the body. Effects can range from weakening of the immune and digestive system, to inflammation and sugar level issues.
Our ‘Effects Of’ Series provides educational posters that can be displayed in workplaces to highlight the dangers of alcohol. Click here for more information.
About Randox Testing Services
Randox Testing Services are a specialist in the workplace drug & alcohol testing sector. We provide a wide range of testing for companies who want to reduce the impact of substance misuse in the workplace. With a range of service options and expert staff on hand to provide help and training, our services will help to eradicate the impact of drugs and alcohol.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, RTS have continued to provide drug & alcohol testing services. At all times, we have ensured our staff are equipped to provide sensible advice and flexible solutions to drug & alcohol testing.
We have provided each Collection Officer with full PPE to ensure they meet requirements for personal and professional safety. Full social distancing guidelines are followed at all times when possible whilst conducting testing. We will continue to advise and navigate companies through this period as more businesses return and testing is required.
If you have any questions regarding drug & alcohol testing, contact us today.
Web: www.randoxtestingservices.com
Email: testingservices@randox.com
Phone: +44 (0) 28 9445 1011
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RX modena and Randox Reagents used in COVID-19 hospital in India
RX modena and Randox Reagents used in COVID-19 hospital in India
Randox Laboratories has installed an RX modena into a COVID-19 hospital in India; the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College in Madhya Pradesh state.
The installation, which marks the first RX modena to be used in an Indian Government Medical College, replaces existing instrumentation in the Medical College laboratory, an initiative which was driven by College Dean Dr. Pradeep Kumar Kasar and Head of Department Dr. Ashok Kumar Sahu.
The RX modena will cater for an additional 38 samples compared to the previous instrumentation, and is running a range of biochemistry tests that play a pivotal role in COVID-19 patient management, including C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Ferritin, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH).
Dr. Ashok Kumar Sahu, Head of Biochemistry at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, commented;
“We are very pleased with the performance of the RX modena, and in particular with its wide menu of tests that can be utilized for COVID-19 patient management. Its high throughput and versatility have been a great support for the clinicians working in our COVID-19 hospital, in determining risk stratification, disease progression, and response to treatment.”
The RX modena is a high volume, floor standing, fully automated clinical chemistry analyser with a world leading test menu which covers specific proteins, lipids, therapeutic drugs, antioxidants, diabetes and veterinary testing. The versatile analyser offers advanced methodologies with excellent correlation to the gold standard, and excellent reagent CV ranges.
Shail Dholabhai, Randox India Sales Manager, commented;
“We are delighted that the team at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College have chosen the RX modena to fulfil the testing requirements of this COVID-19 hospital. Offering an unrivalled test menu of routine and specialized chemistries, the RX modena provides laboratories with the superior precision, reliability and accuracy that the Randox RX series is renowned for.
“Capable of performing a total of 1200 tests per hour including ISE, the RX modena presents a new class of efficiency which will result in faster and more accurate diagnoses, and ultimately, lead to better patient outcomes.”
Benefits of the RX modena
- Capable of performing 800 photometric and a total of 1200 tests per hour including ISE.
- World-leading extensive test menu covering routine chemistries, specific proteins, lipids, antioxidants, cardiac, diabetes and veterinary testing, offering cost savings through consolidation of routine and novel tests on a single platform.
- Economic platform with low water consumption of less than 20 litres per hour saving on consumable costs. The RX modena also requires less than 5 minutes minimal maintenance.
- Interactive touch-screen technology with integrated barcode readers for reagent and sample identification. Increased functionality with 13 wavelengths generated via diffraction grating (340-800nm) ensuring a multitude of chemistries are possible on one system.
- Easy-to-use advanced Microsoft 10 software with a built-in Inventory Management System calculating the number of tests remaining, providing alerts of shortages and expired reagents and calibrators. The RX modena also features automatic test re-run function and sample dilution.
- Dedicated reagent and sample pipettes to minimise the risk of errors and contamination. The RX modena also features a continuous loading hatch to allow for samples to be analysed quickly and easily during a run.
- Advanced QC capabilities with daily, monthly and batch QC with data archiving, Levey-Jennings charts and automatic QC and calibration. There are also 7 different calibration options available.
For further information about the RX modena click here.
For information about laboratory tools for COVID-19 patient management please click here.
For other enquiries please contact marketing@randox.com
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Ferritin Assay
Reagent | Ferritin
The Most Sensitive and Specific Diagnostic Test for Iron Deficiency
Benefits of Ferritin
Exceptional correlation
A correlation coefficient of r=0.99 was displayed when the Randox ferritin assay was compared to commercially available methods.
Limited interference
The Randox ferritin assay has shown to have limited interference from bilirubin, haemoglobin and triglycerides.
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox ferritin assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Excellent stability
The Randox ferritin assay is stable to expiry when stored at +2oC to +8oC.
Calibrator and controls available
Calibrator and controls available offering a complete testing package.
Ordering Information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FN3452 | R1 1 x 40ml (L) R2 1 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| FN3888 | R1 3 x 20ml (L) R2 3 x 11ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| FN8037 | R1 4 x 16.2ml R2 4 x 10.2ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Diagnostic Uses
Ferritin is an iron storage protein. It is the primary iron storage mechanism and is critical to iron homeostasis. As an iron store, ferritin has two roles 1.
- Provides a reserve of iron, which can be transported for the synthesis of molecules such as cytochromes, haemoglobin and iron-sulphur compounds.
- Safe-guards cells, DNA, lipids and proteins from the potential toxic effects of iron.
Ferritin is a vital component of iron homeostasis. It acts as as a ferroxidase, converting Fe(II) to Fe(III) as iron is internalised and sequestered in the ferritin mineral core. Iron is toxic in cellular systems due to its capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which directly damages cells, DNA, lipids and proteins 1.
Iron deficiency without anaemia is a diagnostic challenge, as it commonly goes unrecognised for a long period of time as the patient is asymptomatic. Ferritin is the most sensitive and specific test used in the diagnosis of iron deficiency, especially when a patient presents with symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia, but their full blood count is normal 2.
Adult onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder characterised by arthritis, fever and a typical skin rash. Elevated ferritin levels have been observed in 89% of patients with AOSD, with five times the normal level observed in over half of patients 3.
Elevated ferritin levels is associated with a poor outcome in patients with sepsis and can be used as a predictive marker of mortality along with current prognostic scores 4. Elevations of both ferritin and CRP during hospitalisation was associated with the highest mortality, followed by elevations of either biomarker alone (fig. 1) 5.
Fig. 1. Risk contingency table for mortality and organ dysfunction based on cut-points for C-reactive protein and ferritin and patients’ maximum value for each biomarker 5
Data is displayed as n / N (%) for mortality outcomes
*Significant difference in high/intermediate versus low risk quadrants; {<0.001 by Mann-Whitney test PELOD2, Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score 2
Ferritin is the most important acute phase reactant in the prediction of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Ferritin correlates with the inflammatory activity of the cHL microenvironment, which could explain its prognostic impact. Elevated ferritin levels are associated with clinical features of aggressive disease and poor prognosis in cHL patients 6.
As an acute phase reactant, ferritin levels increase during inflammation and infection. Several studies have indicated that elevated ferritins levels were confirmed in the majority of hospitalised patients with COVID-19, approximately 60%. In the critically ill COVID-19 patients, extremely elevated ferritin concentrations were recorded, which could be attributed to a cytokine storm and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (a hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with multiorgan failure) 7.
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Matt Hancock and Lord Bethell support Randox in call for future focus on diagnostics
Matt Hancock and Lord Bethell support Randox in call for future focus on diagnostics
In a recent Opinion Piece in The Daily Telegraph, our Managing Director Dr Peter FitzGerald stressed the value of diagnostics, the important role it plays in public health, and the contribution it has made specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Whilst regrettable that it has taken a pandemic to bring the health diagnostics sector into focus, it is a positive step forward for healthcare that the huge national and international scope of our sector is now rightly acknowledged.
Indeed, Dr FitzGerald’s commentary was acknowledged by both the Secretary of State for Health, Matt Hancock, and the Minister for Innovation, Jim Bethell.
The Secretary of State noted that “Randox have played a vital role in building our global-scale diagnostics capacity.”
It is clear that the diagnostics industry, inclusive of the work Randox has done in the field, has had a positive impact in the fight against COVID-19. We know that testing at scale is the most effective way to both save lives, and ensure a timely return to a more normal society.
We are very proud of our staff, for their ongoing support, and for their commitment to the work that we do, which is making a real and positive difference.
You can read Dr FitzGerald’s full Opinion Piece for The Daily Telegraph, on our own website, by clicking here.
For further information please contact randoxpr@randox.com or phone 028 9442 2413
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COVID-19 has shown UK leadership on diagnostics; we can now become a world leader
COVID-19 has shown UK leadership on diagnostics; we can now become a world leader
An Opinion Piece by Dr Peter FitzGerald, Managing Director of Randox Laboratories, in The Daily Telegraph
When I founded Randox Laboratories in 1982 in Antrim, Northern Ireland, I could not have envisaged that today we would be manufacturing more clinical diagnostic products than any other company in the UK. Whilst I am incredibly proud that Randox is taking a leading role in the national Covid-19 testing effort, it is deeply regrettable that it has taken this pandemic to bring the UK’s health diagnostics sector into focus.
The pandemic represents the biggest diagnostics and health infrastructure challenge of modern times. It has forced and necessitated a herculean collaborative effort from Government, the NHS and the private sector. This partnership has delivered a new trust and information sharing network which bodes well for the future.
Ministers now know what we can do and rightly acknowledge the huge national and international scope of our sector and for global UK leadership and new skilled jobs. The Government is right to highlight and reflect that too many of these critical sectors and supplies have been allowed to be offshored in recent years. This has consequently had implications for patient care and the support available for health workers.
In March, the World Health Organisation’s Director General, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said that he had a simple message to countries on how to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak that was sweeping the globe, this message was ‘Test, test, test.’ In the UK, mass testing was, at that time, simply not possible. Indeed, the Health Secretary, Matthew Hancock, acknowledged that it was the lack of a significant domestic diagnostic industry that had impeded the Government’s initial efforts on testing, which is why we were behind Germany and other states. He was right and much has already been done to re-shore capacity and re-set this policy alongside understanding the importance for future British sector leadership.
Going forward, we can and must deliver a new and much tighter partnership between the NHS and private sector across diagnostics and preventative healthcare. Improved communication, co-operation and partnerships will grow British sector expertise, jobs and skills. The potential for British leadership and success here is huge.
Earlier this month, I had the pleasure of welcoming Northern Ireland Secretary, Brandon Lewis MP to see our new £30m specialist Covid-19 testing hub at the Randox Science Park in Northern Ireland. This investment will create 200 new science, engineering and manufacturing jobs at the facility on top of our existing workforce. It was fast-tracked over the space of four weeks and is the first step in a wider diagnostics investment programme as part of Randox’s efforts to enhance our national Covid testing capacity.
A wider appreciation of the value and resource support for diagnostics testing and preventative health policy is now overdue and timely especially when you consider that seventy per cent of all medical decisions are based on the results of lab tests. This testing must now account for more than the two per cent of the national healthcare budget. Alongside our major focus on R&D, our scientists work on pioneering research into a range of common illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease. With around twenty five percent of turnover reinvested in R&D, Randox has more new tests in development than any other diagnostic company. Our products are used across hospitals and veterinary laboratories, food testing, forensic toxicology and life sciences.
Randox labs have spent over £305 million researching the thousands of biomarkers present in our bodies and have identified the gold standard in testing. Our patented Biochip Array Technology has revolutionized the diagnostics industry by offering a unique testing platform which allows multiple tests to be carried out from a single patient sample. On Covid, we have been able to include two tests on the same biochip; one specific and one confirmatory as recommended by the World Health Organisation.
The ambition and determination to build a world-beating British diagnostics sector is overdue and right. It offers so many advantages ranging from a healthier and happier population which lives longer to more skilled jobs in a sector which works hand in glove with our world beating academia and NHS. The pandemic has rightly brought the UK’s diagnostics capability into sharp focus, and it is paramount that when we move to a post-Covid world, we take what we have learned from this crisis and build a self-reliant sector fit for the future.
For further information please email randoxpr@randox.com
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CRP Assay
Reagent | C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Powered by BiozC-Reactive Protein (CRP): The Most Sensitive Acute Phase Reactant
Benefits of the Randox Assay
Limited Interference
The Randox CRP assay has shown to have limited interference from conjugate and free bilirubin, haemoglobin, Intralipid® and triglycerides.
Liquid ready-to-use
The Randox CRP assay is available in a liquid ready-to-use format for convenience and ease-of-use.
Stable to expiry
The Randox CRP assay is stable to expiry when stored at +2oC to +8oC.
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox CRP assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Dedicated calibrator and controls available
Dedicated CRP calibrator and controls available offering a complete testing package.
Ordering Information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CP7950 | R1 7 x 20ml (L) R2 2 x 12ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CP3826 | R1 6 x 20ml (L) R2 3 x 9ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
More Information
C-reactive protein (CRP) is the dominant acute phase protein in mammals 1. Elevated levels of CRP are not disease specific but are synthesised, by hepatocytes, in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammatory and/or infectious processes 2, 3. The physiological function of CRP is the enhancement of cell-mediated immunity through the promotion of phagocytosis, accelerated chemotaxis and the activation of platelets 1.
Known as a biomarker of acute inflammation, many large-scale prospective studies demonstrate the association between CRP and chronic inflammation, including: cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (ischaemic stroke), Alzheimer’s Disease, and age-related macular degeneration 2.
CRP is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. A CRP level of >10mg/l correlates with a >4% risk of developing a fatal CVD event in 10 years, including: myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, stroke and sudden cardiac death. Inflammation is an integral part in the development and rapid progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) 4.
The coronary artery disease (CAD) process is characterised by increasing levels of inflammatory biomarkers. CRP is not only an excellent biomarker or mediator of atherosclerosis but is a strong independent marker in the prediction of adverse CV events, including: myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and sudden cardiac death. CPR can be utilised as a clinical guide for the diagnosis, management and prognosis of CVD 5.
The development of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke) is the result of longstanding vascular inflammation, thrombosis, plaque rupture and subsequent brain ischaemia or infarction. Elevated CRP levels is associated with the development of CVA 6.
High sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) plays an important role in the early diagnosis, prognosis, long and short death risk and prediction of etiological subtypes of stroke 7. Find out more about the Randox hsCRP assay.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of dementia cases 7. CRP is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and neurodegeneration 8. CRP levels are associated with cognitive impairment 9. Inflammation should be considered as a target treatment, with the aim of delaying the progression of subclinical brain damage and cognitive decline 8. Midlife elevations in CRP are associated with an increased risk of developing AD. Patients with AD, CRP elevations continues to predict increased dementia severity suggestive of a possible pro-inflammatory endophenotype in AD 10.
In COVID-19 patients, CRP testing has proved to perform well in discriminating disease severity and predicting adverse outcomes 11. CRP levels positively correlates with lung lesions, reflecting disease severity, and should be considered a key indicator in disease monitoring (see fig. 1) 12.
CRP levels are associated with computed tomography (CT) scores and COVID-19 disease development, with CRP levels increasing in the initial stage of severe COVID-19, prior to the CT findings 13.
Elevated CRP levels have been identified in 86% of patients admitted to hospital. CRP measurements are useful in diagnosis, assessing prognosis and monitoring for clinical improvements or deterioration 14.
Fig. 1. Relation between CRP levels, clinical severity, and lung lesions 12
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We Are Randox | How Kelly Mon became Deputy Testing Coordinator for COVID-19
We Are Randox | How Kelly Mon became Deputy Testing Coordinator for COVID-19
In support of our new £30m COVID-19 laboratories, we are hiring 200 new staff across Engineering, Manufacturing and Science.
For an idea of what it’s like to be part of the COVID-19 testing programme at Randox, we spoke to Deputy Coordinator Manager Kelly Mon.
Kelly spoke to us about what a typical day in COVID-19 testing looks like, the career path she took to her current role, and her advice for a successful job search.
Name: Kelly Mon
Job Title: Deputy Co-Ordinator Manager
Department: COVID-19 Testing
Kelly, what did you study and where?
After secondary school, I studied a BTEC National Diploma in Applied Science (Medical) in Belfast Met in Castlereagh, and then moved on to study Biomedical Science at Ulster University in Coleraine. I later studied part time for an MSc in Stratified Medicine.
Give a brief outline of your career to date
I trained as a Biomedical Scientist in Antrim Area Hospital for one year to gain a recognized certification from the Institute of Biomedical Science. When I graduated I started as a Laboratory Analyst at Randox Clinical Laboratory Services, where I ran health tests on our patented Biochip Technology. After a short time, I became a Clinical Team Leader managing a number of clinical trials for companies and universities. Recently I have been promoted to Deputy Co-Ordinator Manager for our COVID-19 testing programme.
Are there alternative routes into the job?
For a job in Clinical Research you would ideally have a BSc in Biomedical Science, Biochemistry or Life Sciences, and a Diploma in Professional Practice. Alternatively, if you have a degree in another area we have a scheme at Randox that allows graduates the chance to rotate throughout departments, and many good candidates are offered positions at the end. There are also apprenticeships and student placements available.
What does a typical day look like for you?
A typical day in clinical trials usually involves running patient blood or urine samples on Randox Biochips that have been custom-made to suit that particular project. We work to tight deadlines, have regular updates with internal staff and customers, and conduct data analysis and reports. A typical day working on COVID-19 testing involves lots of PPE, and constant communication between a wide range of staff and departments. In my role I oversee our quality control, create and communicate important procedures, and visit the lab to make sure my staff are doing well.
Is this what you always wanted to do?
Whilst I knew that I liked science, I wasn’t sure what job I wanted to do. No one in my circle had ever gone on to study at university so I hadn’t considered it an option. I couldn’t even imagine that I could become a scientist.
What are the best and most challenging aspects of the job?
For me, the best aspect of any job is the people and at Randox I work with a great bunch. I also like the fact that there is career progression for people who put in the work to get it, and that you are trained to perform all tasks, not just one part of the work flow. The most challenging aspect of the job at times is the intensity of the workload, which is why organizational skills and the ability to keep calm under pressure are key in this job.
Why is what you do important?
There is that old saying that your health is your wealth and I’m proud to work for a healthcare company providing high quality health diagnostics. These products are used every day to assist in the detection of a wide range of diseases to provide the earliest possible diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. In my department the clinical trials we manage help to detect biomarkers of disease and determine treatment efficacy, which is important to identify less invasive methods of diagnosis, and more tailored ways to treat each patient.
What advice would you give anyone looking to follow a similar career path?
It’s important in any career to work hard and stick at it. I dropped out of two courses before I started the BTEC Diploma. I could have given up when times were hard, but I stuck with it and here I am sharing what I’ve learnt throughout my career. If you are planning specifically to study Biomedical Science, the advice I would give is to choose a course with a placement. My own course had a one-year placement in an NHS hospital, and the experience in a professional environment that gave me key laboratory skills was invaluable. It also gets you contacts in the industry which is always helpful.
If you weren’t doing this what would you like to do?
I love my job, I love my career and I love the people I work with so honestly, I wouldn’t choose any other career path!
Describe your ideal day off.
My ideal day off work involves pyjamas, junk food and good old Netflix.
And finally, what’s the key to any successful job search?
Sometimes job searching can be tiresome and after a while you start to apply without properly researching, but the key to any successful job search is preparation. Start by giving your CV an update and get someone – perhaps your university careers team, or a friend or family member – to proof-read it. Or, if you don’t have any other help, you can begin by searching CV templates on the internet. Personally I would advise that you include some interesting hobbies to make your application stand out. You would be surprised how things seemingly unrelated to a particular job will keep you in the recruiter’s mind. Then come up with some possible questions and think of the answers you might give before you go for interview.
We are delighted to have Kelly with us at Randox as part of our COVID-19 testing programme.
For current vacancies at Randox please visit careers.randox.com
For more We Are Randox stories about our amazing colleagues, make sure to follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and follow the hashtag #WeAreRandox.
For further information please email recruitment@randox.com or phone 028 9442 2413.
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COVID-19 Testing: PCR (Diagnostic) vs Antibody
18 June 2020
COVID-19 Testing: PCR (Diagnostic) vs Antibody
The advice from the World Health Organisation in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic has been simple; Test. Test. Test.
But what are the different types of COVID-19 tests and what are they used for?
Diagnostic (PCR) Testing
This type of testing detects SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) within the body and will tell you if you currently have COVID-19. PCR tests cannot tell you if you have had past infection.
Sample collection for a PCR test can vary, though it is usually in the form of a swab, which will gather an individual’s nasopharyngeal (nose and throat) secretions.
PCR tests for COVID-19 all use methods that detect a specific part of the viral genome – for example Viral RNA or Antigen.
A sample is prepared by extracting the chosen section of the genome, and then PCR (Polyamerase Chain Reaction) techniques are used to amplify (replicate) the genome section, ready for detection.
Viral RNA Tests
This type of test detects the RNA (Ribonucleic acid) contained within the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
It is this type of test, for RNA, that is recommended by The World Health Organisation for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Antigen Tests
Antigens are molecular structures on the surface of viruses that are recognized by the immune system and are capable of triggering an immune response.
Antigen tests detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by looking for the antigen on the surface of the virus.
Randox COVID-19 Test
The Randox COVID-19 test, as recommended by the World Health Organisation, detects the RNA contained within the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
After sample extraction and amplification, the virus is detected on our patented Randox Biochip Technology platform.
The Randox Biochip, which can run multiple tests simultaneously, performs two tests for COVID-19 – one specific and one confirmatory – as recommended by the WHO. This delivers extra assurance of the correct diagnosis and avoids the need to repeat the test.
Antibody (Serology) Tests
Antibody (also known as serology) tests, are usually performed on a patient blood sample, and look for antibodies (a type of protein) that may have been developed by the patient’s immune system to fight off disease.
If present, antibodies may provide a degree of immunity for the patient against COVID-19 in the future.
However, there is still much unknown about the body’s antibody response to COVID-19, including;
- Whether all patients who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 will generate antibodies (recent studies and news reports indicate that this isn’t the case. Click here for an example.)
- Whether those who have had more severe symptoms as a result of COVID-19 will produce more antibodies than those who had mild symptoms, or were asymptomatic.
- If antibodies from other coronaviruses previously experienced by the patient may be enough to fight off the virus, therefore eliminating the need for COVID-19 specific antibodies.
- How long any COVID-19 specific antibody response will last for.
- How much future immunity is provided by COVID-19 antibodies. Will it prevent the patient from being infected, or will future infection just be less severe?
If antibodies for the SARS-CoV-2 virus are present this can give an indication that the patient has been previously infected with COVID-19. Antibody tests do not confirm the real-time presence of the virus in your system.
For example, a negative antibody result does not necessarily mean the body has not been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It could in fact, be currently infected, but has not yet generated antibodies. A diagnostic test will confirm current presence of the virus.
Therefore, it is recommended that antibody tests are used in tandem with a diagnostic test to determine a complete overview of the patient’s COVID-19 status.
Randox Health currently offers both diagnostic testing and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
A combination of diagnostic and antibody testing is available for individual purchase, or as part of our ‘Back to Business’ COVID-19 testing service, for staff screening.
Visit Randox Health to find out more.
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COVID-19 Laboratory Tools for Disease Management
17 June 2020
COVID-19 – Laboratory Tools for Disease Management
In addition to tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, laboratory diagnostics play a pivotal role in patient management, risk stratification, monitoring of disease progression, associated complications and response to treatment.
Randox offers a comprehensive range of laboratory solutions including; diagnostics reagents, revolutionary Biochip technology and quality control designed to provide clinicians with valuable insights into disease severity ultimately helping to improve patient care.
Patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and are at greater risk of developing severe illness. The Randox portfolio may also be used to diagnose and monitor such at risk patients with underlying health concerns.
Biochemistry Reagents
Our extensive test menu comprises 113 assays, including many unique tests and a range of biomarkers designed to assist laboratories when screening for a variety of COVID-19 related health issues.
Randox Reagents are internationally recognised as being of the highest quality; producing accurate and precise results. Applications are available detailing instrument-specific settings for the majority of clinical chemistry analysers.
Elevated markers of inflammation and infection such as CRP may indicate severe viral infection. CRP is elevated in up to 86% of COVID-19 patients who are admitted to hospital. Testing for CRP is useful in assessing prognosis, and when monitoring improvement. It is recommended that CRP is measured at baseline and then at intervals, a sudden increase in levels will prompt surveillance for secondary infection or other cause of deterioration.
As an acute phase reactant, Ferritin levels increase in response to inflammation. High levels have been identified in approximately 60% of individuals hospitalised as a result of COVID-19 infection. In critically ill patients, elevated Ferritin levels may be indicative of a cytokine storm and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with organ failure.
Liver Function Tests (Albumin, ALT, AST, Bilirubin)
Patients with COVID-19 may be at higher risk of liver injury or impairment of liver function. Liver function markers such as ALT, AST and Bilirubin are notably higher in more severe infections, decreased albumin levels have also been documented in severe cases. Drug induced liver injury as a result of COVID-19 treatment should not be ignored and should be monitored.
Renal Function Tests (Creatinine, Cystatin C)
Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly affect kidney function, as such COVID-19 patients should be assessed for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) on admission to hospital and monitored throughout their stay. AKI can lead to worse outcomes for patients.
LDH levels may be a convenient marker for the identification of COVID-19 patients at higher risk of developing severe respiratory failure. It is well documented that high LDH levels are indicative of haematological malignancy and acute lung injury. LDH levels might therefore reflect tissue necrosis related to immune hyperactivity and thus are related to poor clinical outcomes in individuals with COVID-19.
Chloroquine has been investigated as a potential treatment for COVID-19, the anti-malaria drug however could have devastating consequences for those with a G6PDH deficiency. G6PDH deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting the red blood cells, causing them to break down prematurely. The most common complication of deficiency is haemolytic anaemia. An estimated 400 million people globally have G6PDH deficiency, it is most common in certain parts of Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean and Middle East.
Randox Biochip Solutions
Randox Biochip technology is extremely versatile with applications in not only the diagnosis of COVID-19 but also the identification of individuals at risk of developing more severe illness.
Unique to Randox, Biochip technology is capable of simultaneous detection of a panel of related disease markers. An extensive range of Biochip panels are available, each optimised to provide the best performance.
Cytokines play a vital role in the immune system and are known to be involved in the body’s response to a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The over stimulation of these cytokines in response to infection is referred to as a ‘cytokine storm’ and strongly correlates with poor disease outcomes. Cytokine storms are a common complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering viral sepsis, where viral replication and excessive, uncontrolled systemic inflammation may lead to pneumonitis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, shock, multiple organ failure, secondary bacterial pneumonia, and potentially death. Cytokines such as IL-6 appear to be elevated in patients with more severe illness and may be used to monitor response to treatment as levels decrease as the condition improves.
Quality Control Solutions
Randox offer a range of Quality control and External Quality Assessment (EQA) solutions designed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of patient testing.
Decreased blood counts have been frequently identified in COVID-19 patients and may be indicative of a decreased immunological response to the virus, bacterial infection or consumption.
Blood Gas tests are used to help diagnose and monitor critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU) and emergency departments. Blood Gas testing continues to play a critical role in the management of COVID-19 patients providing an indication of a patient’s oxygenation levels. Monitoring of these levels will enable healthcare professionals to make ventilator adjustments if required.
Increased levels of cardiac markers including Troponin and CK-MB may be associated with a higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.
Patients with severe COVID-19 infection are more likely to have coagulopathy, a condition in which the bloods ability to form clots is impaired. Activation of blood coagulation factors such as Prothrombin Time (PT) and D-dimer are significant predictors of disease severity and mortality.
Procalcitonin is an acute phase reactant released by most tissues during inflammation and is particularly associated with bacterial infection. Although it is not usually elevated in viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 levels may increase as a result of severe systemic inflammation. It may also be used to help detect secondary infections.
For further information about any of the above Laboratory Tools for COVID-19 Disease Management please email marketing@randox.com
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We Are Randox | How Sean Mills became Production Supervisor at Randox
We Are Randox | How Sean Mills became Freeze Dry Production Supervisor at Randox
In support of our new £30m COVID-19 laboratories, we are hiring 200 new staff across Engineering, Manufacturing and Science.
For an idea of what it’s like to work in Manufacturing at Randox, we spoke to Freeze Dry Production Supervisor Sean Mills.
Sean spoke to us about what his job entails, the skills required for the role, and what advice he would give someone on their first day of a new job.
Name: Sean Mills
Job Title: Supervisor
Department: Freeze Dry Production
Sean, what route did you take to get your job?
At school my favorite subjects were Biology and Physical Education, and though I completed my A-levels, I turned down the opportunity to go to the university I had selected. I just knew that going to university was not for me. I had previous work experience working in a laboratory, having volunteered in the Belfast City Hospital labs, as well as some other manufacturing experience from various summer jobs, so I applied for a Manufacturing Operative job with Randox. I started with the company on 3rd November 2008 and have progressed throughout the department. I worked my way up to Laboratory Technician, then Lead Laboratory Technician, and now Departmental Supervisor.
Can you give us a quick summary of what your job entails?
My main responsibility is the day-to-day running of the Randox Freeze Dry Production team, which starts every day with a morning meeting to go over our schedule. I review our workload, determine what sites we will be working at, and delegate tasks to different members of the team. I also check if there were any issues from the previous day that we need to look at. As Supervisor I liaise with the Planning Team to manage our work to meet production deadlines, and with the Purchasing and Stock departments to order materials that we need to complete our work. I like to be practical and hands-on so in addition to my administrative duties I also do manual work like loading and unloading freeze driers.
Is this what you always wanted to do?
When I was younger I was unsure what I wanted to do for full time employment but this is my 12th year as part of the Randox family and I am so glad I chose to work here. It has been a fantastic environment in a dynamic role that continues to challenge me every year. In February this year I was really proud to be named Randox Employee of the Year 2020.
Were there any particular essential qualifications or experience needed?
For the job I originally applied for there were no specific requirements other than a GCSE in Maths and English. Given the work we do, I would definitely say that an understanding of Maths and English are important.
Are there alternative routes into the job?
One of the great things about Randox is that you can change roles internally if you want to try a new discipline or have a new experience. As such there is a real mix of backgrounds across all teams in the company. Some people join us after university or after working for other companies, and others like myself begin their careers here and then progress within their department.
What are the main personal skills your job requires?
Organisational and numerical skills, as well as excellent communication and good time management, are definitely essential in my role. The ability to follow health and safety procedures and work off your own initiative are also key.
What are the best and most challenging aspects of the job?
Having worked within manufacturing for over 10 years now I am no stranger to a lot of hard work in order to meet a deadline. These pressure situations are something I enjoy as they allow you to think of ways to improve manufacturing processes. I am lucky I work with a fantastic team and have a great manager who has also worked his way up in the department. He is a great mentor.
Why is what you do important?
My team are responsible for manufacturing the highest quality product to facilitate patient diagnosis. My own role specifically is important to keep the team motivated and ensure everything is in place to allow them to complete their job. I am here to train new staff, help problem solve, and use my experience to support my team when they need it.
If you weren’t doing this what would you like to do?
If I wasn’t working in Manufacturing I would like to work in the Police or Fire Service.
What is the one piece of advice you would give to yourself on your first day?
To anyone about to begin their first day in a new job I would give reassurance that they don’t need to be nervous. I would also encourage asking as many questions as possible until you are 100 percent sure what you’re doing and what’s expected from you. With any job there is always something new to learn and people you can learn from. No one knows everything, and everyone needs a little help now and again.
Describe your ideal day off.
On my ideal day off I would get up early to play a round of golf or go to the gym. Then I would spend the day with my partner, enjoy a nice meal and end the day by watching a movie.
And finally, what’s the key to any successful job search?
I have been happily working at Randox for almost 12 years, so I think that means my last job search was a successful one! My advice would be to apply for a job that excites or interests you.
We are delighted to have Sean with us at Randox as part of our hard-working manufacturing team.
For current vacancies at Randox please visit careers.randox.com
For more We Are Randox stories about our amazing colleagues, make sure to follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and follow the hashtag #WeAreRandox.
For further information please email recruitment@randox.com or phone 028 9442 2413.
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